This involves the extraction of coal, minerals and other geological materials found in the sedimentary rocks. There are excavated in different underground mining parts with different places holding different types of minerals. They contain copper, nickel, silver, gold, tin, lead and iron. Shafts are used excavating the various ores using various methods.
Depend on the size, type, shape and orientation of the ore one is able to know the type of method to use in underground extraction. In the steep dip ore, cut and fill is the most appropriate method used. This method is limited to use of long holes that are in narrow zones. Drift and fill require full extraction of wider zones to ensure that the excavating is done intensively.
Excavation can be done in shallow mines or either in deep mines. Example is gold mining which is done in great depths. The depths exceed 3900m. Another mineral is uranium which is mined in hard rocks that are located in deep areas using deep excavating methods. In caves we find that the walls are completely filled with minerals. Bulk ores are in large amounts in deep depths and are located in open stopes that allow extensive excavation.
Coal mining is one of the underground mineral that is dug deep and only allows the minerals to be recovered using boreholes that are dug in the ground surface. Soil layers are arranged in a way that you are forced to dig deep. Shafts are used to dig open pits although the method is expensive and this is important since you get orebody in the extraction cycle.
Drifts are important when it comes to lifting the minerals upwards through passages. Mines in the lowest level are dug using shafts that run downwards.Ventilation, pumping and haulage are methods used in excavating pillars of ores. The ores lie between stopes, mining starts by breaking the ores into panels, slices and blocks.
Sampling, drilling and rock testing are used in to explore bulk deposits. Blind tunnel is used to cut the minerals deposits. Multipurpose shafts are used to drill large mines. These large mines are arrived at by use of inclining and declining portals. Strong ores are extracted using methods that are of high cost while weak ores are extracted using low cost methods. Rock bolting is one of these equipment that makes the method expensive.
There are various phases used in underground extraction. There is exploration and feasibility phase, mine operations phase, construction and planning phase together with the closure phase. The activities involved include drilling, crushing, grinding, ore separation and concentrate dewatering. Rock piles are separated in stages while water is separated in stages to. The operation also include extraction and processing of the ore.
Acting as an elevator is the head shaft which is at the head of the mine. Sump sits is located in the bottom and has a variety of channels running horizontally from the head and then runs to various places of the ore-body. Ramps access ores in various levels . A crusher and a drafter is important in digging minerals located in parts which are lower areas.
Depend on the size, type, shape and orientation of the ore one is able to know the type of method to use in underground extraction. In the steep dip ore, cut and fill is the most appropriate method used. This method is limited to use of long holes that are in narrow zones. Drift and fill require full extraction of wider zones to ensure that the excavating is done intensively.
Excavation can be done in shallow mines or either in deep mines. Example is gold mining which is done in great depths. The depths exceed 3900m. Another mineral is uranium which is mined in hard rocks that are located in deep areas using deep excavating methods. In caves we find that the walls are completely filled with minerals. Bulk ores are in large amounts in deep depths and are located in open stopes that allow extensive excavation.
Coal mining is one of the underground mineral that is dug deep and only allows the minerals to be recovered using boreholes that are dug in the ground surface. Soil layers are arranged in a way that you are forced to dig deep. Shafts are used to dig open pits although the method is expensive and this is important since you get orebody in the extraction cycle.
Drifts are important when it comes to lifting the minerals upwards through passages. Mines in the lowest level are dug using shafts that run downwards.Ventilation, pumping and haulage are methods used in excavating pillars of ores. The ores lie between stopes, mining starts by breaking the ores into panels, slices and blocks.
Sampling, drilling and rock testing are used in to explore bulk deposits. Blind tunnel is used to cut the minerals deposits. Multipurpose shafts are used to drill large mines. These large mines are arrived at by use of inclining and declining portals. Strong ores are extracted using methods that are of high cost while weak ores are extracted using low cost methods. Rock bolting is one of these equipment that makes the method expensive.
There are various phases used in underground extraction. There is exploration and feasibility phase, mine operations phase, construction and planning phase together with the closure phase. The activities involved include drilling, crushing, grinding, ore separation and concentrate dewatering. Rock piles are separated in stages while water is separated in stages to. The operation also include extraction and processing of the ore.
Acting as an elevator is the head shaft which is at the head of the mine. Sump sits is located in the bottom and has a variety of channels running horizontally from the head and then runs to various places of the ore-body. Ramps access ores in various levels . A crusher and a drafter is important in digging minerals located in parts which are lower areas.
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